Advanced Placement (AP) World History Practice Exam 2025 - Free AP World History Practice Questions and Study Guide

Urban's speech, delivered at the Council of Clermont in 1095, was a pivotal moment that called for the First Crusade. His appeal encouraged Christians to take up arms and reclaim Jerusalem from Muslim control, serving as a rallying cry for what would become a significant military campaign. The outcome of this speech was the mobilization of thousands of Christians from various parts of Europe, leading directly to the launching of the First Crusade. This mobilization ultimately resulted in the conquest of Jerusalem in 1099 and allowed for the establishment of several Crusader states.

The other events listed do not directly correlate to Urban's motivations or the immediate outcomes of his speech. For instance, the failure of any Christian campaign to reclaim the Levant and the decline of Mediterranean trade routes were subsequent developments and do not reflect the direct impact of the initial call for the crusade. Additionally, while the Byzantine Empire initially benefited from Crusader support, the eventual conquest of Constantinople in 1204 occurred much later and was not a direct result of Urban's call for the Crusade. Thus, the conquest of Constantinople by Latin Christians is only tangentially related, whereas the conquest of Jerusalem directly stemmed from Urban's inspirational speech.