Advanced Placement (AP) World History Practice Exam 2026 - Free AP World History Practice Questions and Study Guide

The demographic changes in Central and South America from 400 BCE to 600 CE indicate that the diffusion of agriculture played a crucial role in increasing the population incrementally. During this period, the development and spread of agricultural practices allowed societies to transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled farming communities. This agricultural revolution would have led to a surplus of food, which is directly linked to population growth.

As farming techniques improved and crops such as maize, beans, and squash became staples of the diet, communities could support larger populations. Additionally, agriculture fostered the establishment of permanent settlements, which facilitated social organization, trade, and cultural development.

This demographic transition reflects how technological advancements in agriculture can lead to significant changes in population dynamics, ultimately shaping the trajectory of societies in the region. Other options suggest different causes without the direct linkage to agriculture’s foundational role in population growth, overlooking the critical relationship between food production and demographic change.