Advanced Placement (AP) World History Practice Exam 2025 - Free AP World History Practice Questions and Study Guide

The conclusion that elaborate artistic expression suggests a surplus of agricultural labor is supported by the historical evidence of early civilizations. During the period from 8000 B.C.E. to 600 B.C.E., many societies transitioned from hunter-gatherer lifestyles to more settled agricultural systems. This shift allowed for greater food production and, consequently, the ability to sustain larger populations.

As agricultural practices improved, some individuals were able to produce more food than was immediately needed for survival, leading to surplus production. This surplus freed up members of society to engage in other pursuits beyond basic agricultural labor, such as art, architecture, and craftsmanship. This is evident in the archaeological findings of elaborate sculptures, intricate pottery, and monumental structures that were created during this time by various civilizations.

The presence of such artistic expression reflects not only a surplus in agricultural output but also an increased complexity in social structures, as people began to specialize in different crafts. The resources for creating elaborate works of art often depended on a stable and abundant food supply, which is indicative of sophisticated agricultural societies capable of supporting various forms of cultural expression. Thus, the conclusion about artistic expression pointing to agricultural surplus captures a key aspect of the development of early civilizations.