Advanced Placement (AP) World History Practice Exam 2025 - Free AP World History Practice Questions and Study Guide

The primary purpose of the Great Wall of China was to protect against invasions and raids. Constructed over several dynasties, particularly during the Qin and Ming dynasties, the Great Wall served as a formidable barrier against nomadic groups and military incursions from the north. Its design and construction were driven by the necessity to safeguard agricultural lands, settlements, and the central political power from the constant threat posed by these invaders.

While the Great Wall did have secondary functions, such as serving as a symbol of strength and a means of border control, its main role was clearly defensive. It not only kept out hostile forces but also helped in consolidating and maintaining control over the northern frontier of Han China. The sheer scale of the wall demonstrates the importance that the Chinese placed on defending their territory and maintaining security for their people and resources.

Some of the other choices refer to functions that, while relevant in some context, are not directly linked to the primary intention behind the wall's construction. For example, providing a safe haven for political exiles or facilitating trade are not core aspects of the wall's historical significance. The Great Wall’s primary identity and function remained as a military defense structure throughout its history.